A Symbol of the Civil War
The Colt 1860 Army revolver, with its .44 caliber power and six-shot capacity, was a staple of Union forces during the American Civil War. Its reliability and effectiveness in close-quarters combat made it a trusted companion for soldiers on the battlefield.
Manufactured by Colt’s Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company in the United States, this particular revolver bears the serial number 6341, providing a glimpse into its production history. It showcases the hallmarks of Colt’s craftsmanship, including a walnut grip, a steel barrel, cylinder, and frame, and other brass and steel fittings.
Design Innovation
The 1860 Army shared a frame size with the .36 caliber 1851 Navy revolver but incorporated a rebated cylinder to accommodate the larger .44 caliber ammunition. The shorter forcing cone allowed for a longer cylinder, resulting in increased powder capacity and muzzle velocity. The innovative “creeping” loading lever enabled faster reloading, a crucial advantage in the heat of battle.
Mass Production and Military Adoption
Colt produced over 200,000 Model 1860 Army revolvers, with the U.S. Government being the largest customer, purchasing over 129,000 units. This revolver’s widespread use underscores its significance in the Civil War.
The 1860 Army was a single-action revolver, requiring manual cocking before each shot. Its fixed sights were set for accuracy at distances of 75 to 100 yards. The .44 caliber ammunition, propelled by black powder, delivered significant stopping power, making it a formidable weapon in close combat.
Key Features
- 1861 Colt Army Model 1860 Revolver
- .44 caliber, six-shot revolver
- Primary sidearm of Union troops during the Civil War
- Manufactured by Colt’s Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company
- Features a walnut grip, steel barrel, cylinder, and frame
- Innovative design with a rebated cylinder and “creeping” loading lever
- Over 200,000 produced, with a significant portion purchased by the U.S. Government
- Accurate at distances of 75 to 100 yards
- Fired .454-inch lead balls or conical-tipped bullets
- Streamlined and lightweight design
- Case-hardened frame, hammer, and loading lever
- Blued steel parts for corrosion resistance
- A symbol of the Civil War and American history
Ammunition and Ballistics
The revolver’s cylinder held six rounds of either .454-inch lead balls or conical-tipped bullets. These projectiles, when fired, achieved muzzle velocities of approximately 900 feet per second, ensuring effective penetration and impact on the target.
The 1860 Army’s design prioritized functionality and ease of use. The rebated cylinder, rounded barrel, and lack of a top frame strap contributed to its streamlined profile and reduced weight, making it easier to carry and handle in combat.
The revolver’s frame, hammer, and loading lever were case-hardened, enhancing their strength and resistance to wear. The remaining steel parts were blued to protect against corrosion. The one-piece walnut grip provided a comfortable and secure hold, ensuring optimal control during firing.
A Legacy of Service
The 1861 Colt Army Model 1860 revolver represents a pivotal moment in American history. It symbolizes the technological advancements of the era and the sacrifices made by soldiers on both sides of the Civil War. This particular revolver, with its unique serial number, serves as a tangible link to the past, reminding us of the courage and determination that shaped the nation we know today.
